A study focused on the interlinkages between climate change and urban sanitation systems and their critical role in urban resilience. This report has been commissioned by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, in collaboration with Resilient Cities Network (R-Cities) and aims to raise the visibility of urban sanitation in the international climate change discourse and to highlight its importance on urban resilience. It does so by collating and reflecting on existing knowledge, as well as highlighting how some cities have approached adaptation. It intends to engage with and propose to a diverse set of sector leaders an outline of the next steps required to assist cities in building the climate resilience of their sanitation services and infrastructure.